Inflammation is a hidden disease, but while we have a host of diets and supplements to fight inflammation, we don’t know why it happens. What are the causes behind it? Dr Suranjit Chatterjee, senior consultant, internal medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, says: “Inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury or stress, aiding healing and defence. However, chronic inflammation, often caused by poor diet, smoking, alcohol, and inactivity, can harm the body. Stress, pollution, toxins, and infections also trigger inflammation, while conditions like obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders exacerbate it. Genetics may increase susceptibility as well. While diets and supplements like omega-3s and antioxidants help reduce inflammation, addressing root causes through healthier lifestyles and stress management is key to preventing its long-term effects. Recognising and mitigating triggers is crucial for overall well-being.”

Does inflammation favour any age or gender?

Inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury or infection and can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. However, the likelihood and intensity of inflammation can vary. Older adults are more prone to chronic inflammation, often called inflammaging, due to natural immune system decline and long-term exposure to environmental stressors. 

Hormonal differences also play a role. For instance, women may experience increased inflammation during hormonal changes, such as menopause or menstruation. Conversely, men may have a higher inflammatory response in certain conditions due to testosterone’s role in regulating the immune system. Age-related diseases, such as arthritis or cardiovascular conditions, further increase inflammation risk. While inflammation is universal, age, hormonal balance, and health conditions influence its impact.

Do other diseases aid inflammation or does inflammation aid disease?

Inflammation and disease have a two-way relationship. Chronic inflammation can trigger or worsen diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, as it disrupts normal body processes. For example, persistent low-grade inflammation in obesity can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, some diseases promote inflammation. For instance, infections or autoimmune diseases like lupus cause the immune system to stay overactive, leading to prolonged inflammation. This vicious cycle makes early management of inflammation crucial to preventing long-term health complications.

Can foods and supplements or lifestyle beat inflammation?

Yes, an anti-inflammatory lifestyle can help manage or reduce inflammation. Foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fatty fish, nuts, and spices (for example, turmeric) have anti-inflammatory properties. Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and curcumin also help. 

Equally important are regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress management techniques like yoga or meditation. Avoiding inflammatory triggers such as smoking, excessive alcohol, and processed foods further supports this goal. Small, consistent changes to diet and lifestyle can significantly reduce inflammation and improve one’s overall health as well.