Feeling tired all the time, despite having no ailments? Low energy is something we all encounter, either temporarily or long-term. Why does this happen? Dr Rakesh Gupta, senior consultant, internal medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, says: “Low energy in adults can stem from a mix of lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and psychological issues. Common lifestyle causes include poor diet, especially one lacking essential nutrients or high in sugar and processed foods, insufficient sleep, lack of physical activity, dehydration, and excessive alcohol or caffeine intake. Medical causes range from anaemia, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and heart disease to conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, kidney or liver disease, and hormonal imbalances. Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and high stress are also significant contributors to fatigue and low energy. Additionally, medications like antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs can cause tiredness as a side effect. Identifying the root cause often requires a holistic look at both lifestyle and health status.
What are the basic tests to get done if facing low energy?
A healthcare provider may start with a complete blood count to check for anaemia, and thyroid function tests to assess for thyroid disorders. Blood glucose testing can screen for diabetes, while basic metabolic panels evaluate kidney and liver function. Vitamin B and iron studies are also common, as deficiencies in these nutrients are frequent causes of fatigue. Depending on symptoms, further tests for infections, hormonal imbalances like testosterone in men, or sleep disorders may be warranted. It’s important to consult a doctor for a tailored approach, as these tests help rule out common physical causes before considering more complex or psychological factors.
Why do some people see fluctuations in energy levels?
Fluctuating energy levels—feeling energetic one day and listless the next—can result from various factors. Poor sleep quality or inconsistent sleep schedules are frequent culprits, as even a single night of inadequate rest can impact energy the following day. Diet plays a role; consuming high-sugar or high-carb foods can lead to energy spikes followed by crashes. Stress, mood changes, and mental health conditions like anxiety or depression can also cause day-to-day variability in how energetic a person feels. Hormonal fluctuations, dehydration, or overexertion from physical activity may contribute as well. Sometimes, undiagnosed medical conditions such as thyroid disorders or blood sugar imbalances can lead to unpredictable energy patterns. Monitoring lifestyle habits and seeking medical advice if fluctuations persist is recommended.
Should such people take vitamin and mineral supplements, and which ones are safe to take over-the-counter?
While vitamin and mineral supplements can help address deficiencies that contribute to low energy, they should not be taken indiscriminately. Common over-the-counter supplements like iron, vitamin B, vitamin D, and multivitamins are generally safe when used as directed, but excessive intake can be harmful, especially with fat-soluble vitamins or iron. It is best to confirm a deficiency through blood tests before starting supplementation, as unnecessary use may mask underlying health issues or cause side effects. For most people, a balanced diet rich in whole foods provides adequate nutrients. If a deficiency is diagnosed, supplements can be beneficial, but ongoing low energy should prompt a broader medical evaluation rather than self-treatment with OTC products. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting new supplements.