HMPV Effects on Eyes: Though Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is primarily known for affecting the respiratory system, research has shown that it can also result in ocular complications. These eye-related effects can range from mild symptoms like conjunctivitis to more severe inflammation involving the cornea and conjunctiva. According to Dr Rohan Aurangabadwalla, Consultant Pulmonology, Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai, these conditions are typically seen in children and immunocompromised individuals, where the immune response to the infection can contribute to eye issues.
Viral Involvement in Eye Infections
Respiratory viruses, including HMPV, can spread from the respiratory mucosa to the ocular mucosa, leading to symptoms of conjunctivitis. This infection, also known as “pink eye,” often manifests with redness, watery discharge, itching, and irritation. The Journal of Clinical Virology discusses how HMPV and other respiratory viruses can occasionally cause conjunctivitis as part of the broader viral infection process.
Ocular Inflammation and Keratoconjunctivitis
In some cases, respiratory viruses like HMPV can lead to more severe eye complications such as keratoconjunctivitis, where both the conjunctiva (the thin membrane covering the eye) and the cornea (the clear, dome-shaped surface) become inflamed. This can lead to visual disturbances if left untreated. A study in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal reviews how respiratory infections, including HMPV, are associated with more significant ocular issues like keratoconjunctivitis. The review emphasizes how the immune system’s heightened response to these infections, especially in children, can trigger this form of inflammation.
Immune-Mediated Ocular Effects
When the body’s immune system reacts to an infection like HMPV, it can sometimes overreact, causing inflammation not only in the respiratory system but also in other organs, including the eyes.Respiratory viruses such as HMPV can trigger a robust local immune response that leads to inflammation of the eyes, contributing to symptoms like redness, irritation, and discomfort.
Management and Care
Mild cases of viral conjunctivitis caused by HMPV are typically self-limiting and can be managed with artificial tears and cool compresses for symptomatic relief.nSevere or persistent inflammation may require ophthalmologic evaluation to assess for potential complications, including keratitis or secondary bacterial infections.
“While HMPV predominantly causes respiratory symptoms, it may also lead to eye-related complications. Early identification of conjunctivitis in individuals with respiratory illnesses, especially in children, can help manage symptoms effectively and prevent potential discomfort or vision issues. Public awareness of this link, although rare, adds to the comprehensive understanding of the virus’s impact,” Dr. Aurangabadwalla told Financial Express.com.
Dr. (Col) Rajneesh Sinha, Senior Consultant, Sharp Sight Eye Hospitals said that HMPV has become a growing public health concern as cases surge globally, drawing attention to its far-reaching implications.
“Recent observations have revealed that some patients also experience eye-related symptoms during or after an HMPV infection. These symptoms include redness, swelling, blurred vision, and heightened sensitivity to light. Left untreated, such complications can escalate to more severe conditions like conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), or optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve). Such issues, though rare, can result in long-term vision impairment, making early detection critical,” Dr. Sinha told Financial Express.com.
He also said that patients with respiratory symptoms should remain vigilant about changes in their eye health, especially if they experience any discomfort or vision issues. Timely medical attention can significantly reduce the risk of complications.