Starting August 27, Brazil will implement new immigration restrictions aimed at curbing the exploitation of its airports as transit points by illegal migrants seeking to reach the US and Canada. This move addresses the significant challenge posed by migrants, primarily from India, Nepal, and Vietnam, who use Sao Paulo as a layover to enter North America unlawfully.

The Exploitation of Sao Paulo’s Airport

According to reports in the public domain, Sao Paulo’s international airport has become a strategic hub for migrants travelling from Asia. These individuals book flights to various destinations with layovers in Sao Paulo but choose to stay in Brazil rather than continuing their journey. This tactic has led to a surge in refugee requests, overwhelming Brazil’s immigration system.

The method used by these migrants involves purchasing tickets for international destinations with a stop in Sao Paulo. Upon arrival, instead of continuing their travels, they remain in Brazil and apply for refugee status. This process has strained Brazil’s resources and created significant backlogs in handling refugee applications.

New Restrictions Set to Take Effect

Under the new regulations, travellers from Asia who arrive in Brazil without visas will be required to either continue their journey to their original destination or return to their home country. This policy aims to prevent the misuse of Brazil’s airports as mere waypoints for those attempting to reach North America.

The Brazilian Justice Ministry has outlined these changes in response to a noticeable increase in such migration practices. By enforcing these restrictions, Brazil seeks to manage the influx of migrants more effectively and reduce the backlog in the immigration system.

For Indian Travellers

Indian travellers, for better understanding there is no requirement of a transit visa for those who do not leave the international transit area.

A visa is required to enter Brazil after going through customs/passport control. The Embassy of Brazil website has details for visas. For Indians a visa is issued between 1-5 years validity.  https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-nova-delhi/embassy-of-brazil-in-new-delhi/visas/transit-visa-vivis.

Impact and Statistics

The impact of this new policy is expected to be significant. Reports indicate that over 70 percent of the refugee requests at Sao Paulo’s airport come from individuals from India, Nepal, and Vietnam. The Brazilian Federal Police have reported that these migrants often use Sao Paulo as a gateway to further travel through South America to reach the US and Canada.

As of mid-July 2024, Brazil had received 9,082 refugee requests, a number that has more than doubled compared to the total for 2023. This represents the highest number of requests in over a decade, underscoring the urgency of the new measures.

Historical Context and Policy Adjustments

Historically, Brazil has been a refuge for people fleeing crises, including those from Afghanistan, Syria, and Ukraine. Under President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Brazil granted substantial humanitarian visas, particularly to Afghan nationals. However, the recent increase in migrant flows has prompted the current administration to reassess and tighten immigration policies.

The new guidelines will not affect the 484 migrants currently staying at Sao Paulo’s airport. These individuals will be allowed to remain while their cases are processed. However, starting August 27, new arrivals without proper visas will face the updated requirements designed to address the misuse of Brazil’s airports.

Broader Implications

The new restrictions reflect Brazil’s attempt to balance its humanitarian commitments with practical immigration management. By closing the loophole exploited by migrants, Brazil aims to streamline its immigration system and address the pressures on its resources. The federal government has also called on airlines to assist with providing necessary support to migrants awaiting their refugee claims.

Crucial Step

By enforcing stricter entry requirements, Brazil aims to prevent its airports from being used as transit points for individuals seeking to bypass immigration regulations. These changes will help manage the growing number of refugee requests and ensure a more effective immigration process.