A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, or juvenile diabetes, in children can be challenging, but with the right approach, parents can significantly improve their child’s health and well-being. This article provides guidance for families navigating the complexities of childhood diabetes.
Rising Prevalence of Diabetes in Children
The shift in lifestyle habits over recent decades is contributing to the growing rate of diabetes in young people. According to Dr. Kochurani Abraham, Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children, Pune, increased consumption of high-sugar, high-fat convenience foods, increased screen time and lack of physical activity promote obesity and insulin resistance, which are some more risk factors for metabolic diseases like diabetes.
Although diabetes in children was rare a few generations ago, now a notable number of children aged 5-14 are being diagnosed, Dr. Abraham told Financial Express.com.
Symptoms of diabetes in children include frequent thirst and urination, increase in hunger, unexpected weight loss, fatigue, nausea, blurred vision, poor scholastic performance to mention a few. Early recognition of these signs are critical, as effective management of diabetes in childhood can improve both short- and long-term health outcomes.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Managing Diabetes in Children
- Encourage Physical Activity: Consistent exercise can help regulate blood sugar levels and increase insulin sensitivity. Children with diabetes should aim for at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. This can include fun activities like cycling, swimming, or team sports, which not only aid in blood sugar management but also promote cardiovascular health.
- Balanced Nutrition: A balanced diet is essential for blood sugar control. The diet should include whole grains, lean proteins, fresh fruits, and vegetables, while minimizing sugary snacks, junk food, fast food and sweetened beverages. Research shows that high-fiber foods and complex carbohydrates can help maintain stable blood sugar levels, reducing the likelihood of spikes that can occur with refined sugar.
- Monitor Blood Glucose Levels: Regular glucose monitoring is essential for managing diabetes. Tracking blood sugar before and after meals, exercise, or at scheduled intervals provides insights into how a child’s body responds to daily activities and allows adjustments in insulin doses, if prescribed. Studies have shown that consistent monitoring can reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.
- Emotional and Psychological Support: Emotional support is crucial for children coping with diabetes, as research links chronic illness in youth to higher rates of anxiety and depression. Creating a supportive atmosphere at home and school can help children feel understood and empowered in managing their condition. Stress-reduction techniques like yoga, meditation, or creative hobbies have been shown to improve mental well-being and may positively affect blood glucose control.
- Consistent Medical Follow-Ups: Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor a child’s diabetes management plan and adjust it as necessary. Children with diabetes should see their healthcare team every three to six months. Routine monitoring of key health indicators, such as HbA1C (a measure of average blood glucose over time) and blood pressure, renal function etc. can help in early identification of any complications, ensuring timely interventions.
With the right combination of physical activity, balanced nutrition, emotional support, and medical care, parents can equip their children with tools to manage diabetes effectively and lead full, healthy lives, Dr Abraham told Financial Express.com.