The monsoon may bring cooler temperatures and a break from the harsh summer sun, but for many, it also brings a less pleasant visitor: breathing trouble. If you find yourself wheezing, coughing, or struggling to catch your breath during the rainy season, you’re not alone. Doctors say there’s a spike in asthma cases during this time, especially among those who are more vulnerable to weather-related triggers. The condition is now commonly referred to as “monsoon asthma.”
So, what makes the monsoon so problematic for people with asthma or other respiratory conditions? Why does something as natural as rain lead to such discomfort? And most importantly, what can you do to protect your lungs this season?
We spoke to Dr. Vijay Kumar Aggarwal, Director of ICU and Pulmonology at Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital, Faridabad, to understand this better. From hidden allergens and increased infections to lifestyle fixes, here’s everything you need to know about managing asthma during the monsoon.
What is monsoon asthma?
According to Dr. Aggarwal, monsoon asthma is a real and common condition that worsens during the rainy season, particularly because of the high humidity in the air.
“The air becomes heavy with moisture, and when we breathe it in, it irritates our airways,” he explains. “This leads to inflammation and swelling, making it harder to breathe. People who already have asthma often experience more frequent or severe symptoms during this time.”
Why does humidity affect breathing?
There are multiple reasons, says Dr. Aggarwal. One major factor is the way our body’s nervous system responds to humidity.
“In a hot and humid environment, sensory nerves in our lungs, called C-fibres, become more sensitive. This leads to bronchoconstriction, where the airways narrow, causing wheezing, coughing, or breathlessness,” he adds.
More allergens in the air
The monsoon also creates the perfect conditions for allergens to multiply. From dust mites hiding in mattresses and curtains to mould and fungus growing in damp corners, allergy triggers are everywhere.
“Dust mites thrive in humidity,” says Dr. Aggarwal. “They live in pillows, sofas, carpets, and curtains. Many people are allergic to them, and exposure can lead to asthma attacks.”
Rainy weather also boosts the growth of mould spores, which are another common trigger for asthma. And if you have indoor plants or pets, the allergens don’t stop there.
“Pet dander and pollens from monsoon plants add to the mix. These tiny particles float in the air and can be dangerous for those sensitive to them,” he explains.
Seasonal infections make it worse
Monsoon isn’t just about moisture; it’s also flu season.
“The number of respiratory infections like colds and flu goes up during the rains. These infections can irritate the lungs and trigger or worsen asthma symptoms,” says Dr. Aggarwal.
Common symptoms to watch out for
If you suffer from asthma, the monsoon can make your usual symptoms worse. Here’s what to look for:
- Wheezing or whistling sound while breathing
- Frequent dry cough (that may become moist over time)
- Tightness in the chest
- Shortness of breath
- Needing to use your rescue inhaler more frequently
“If you find yourself needing your medication more often, it’s a sign your asthma is not under control,” warns Dr. Aggarwal.
What you can do to breathe easier this monsoon
Managing monsoon asthma requires a few lifestyle tweaks. Here are some doctor-approved tips:
Control indoor humidity
Keep the humidity level in your home between 30 per cent to 50 per cent. Use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms, and ensure good ventilation throughout the house.
Keep your home clean
Regular vacuuming and dusting help reduce dust mites. Wash curtains and bedsheets in hot water, and place mattresses and pillows in the sunlight for a few hours when possible.
Watch for mould and dampness
Avoid areas with visible mould. Fix leaky pipes or water-logged corners. If possible, use a dehumidifier or air purifier.
Limit indoor allergens
Avoid indoor plants in bedrooms and keep pets away from sleeping areas during the rainy season.
Stay hydrated and maintain hygiene
“Many people forget to drink enough water during monsoon. Staying hydrated helps loosen mucus and keeps your airways clear,” says Dr. Aggarwal.
Also, take regular showers and keep yourself clean to reduce the risk of infections.
Exercise indoors
Avoid jogging or outdoor workouts during high humidity. Instead, switch to indoor activities like yoga or walking in well-ventilated areas.
Avoid these common triggers
Try to stay away from:
- Strong perfumes or air fresheners
- Smoke and incense
- Dusty rooms or old stored fabrics
- Crowded, poorly ventilated places
And if you’re heading out, especially in humid or dusty environments, wear a mask to reduce exposure.
Have an asthma action plan
Perhaps the most important thing you can do is have a personalised asthma action plan.
“Work with your doctor to understand what triggers your symptoms, when to increase medications, and what to do during an asthma attack,” says Dr. Aggarwal. “This helps you stay in control and avoid panic when symptoms get worse.”
Know which is your maintenance inhaler and which is your rescue inhaler, and never skip your daily medications during monsoon.
Don’t ignore symptoms
Lastly, if your symptoms don’t improve or worsen suddenly, don’t wait it out.
“Asthma can become life-threatening if not treated in time,” warns Dr. Aggarwal. “If your medicines aren’t helping or your breathing feels tight and strained, see a doctor immediately,” he further adds.
Monsoon asthma is more than just seasonal sniffles; it’s a real respiratory challenge, especially for people already living with asthma or allergies. High humidity, mould, dust mites, infections, and poor ventilation all make breathing harder during this time.
