PCOS myths and truths: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age. According to the World Health Oranization (WHO), PCOS affects an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women. It is alarming up to 70 percent of affected women remain undiagnosed worldwide.

PCOS is a chronic condition and cannot be cured. However, some symptoms can be improved through lifestyle changes, medications and fertility treatments. It is noteworthy that PCOS is the commonest cause of anovulation and a leading cause of infertility.

The cause of PCOS is unknown but women with a family history or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk. As the condition is not properly understood it has led to high prevalence of misconceptions which can impact diagnosis and treatment.

Dr Ranjana Sharma, Senior Consultant, Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Urogynaecology, Laparoscopic and Robotic surgery at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals maintains that despite its prevalence, there are numerous myths surrounding this condition that can lead to misunderstanding and stigma.

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Myth 1: All Women with PCOS Have Ovarian Cysts

Many people assume that the term “polycystic” in PCOS means that all women with this syndrome have cysts on their ovaries. This is misleading. While some women may have small follicles that appear like cysts on an ultrasound, not all women with PCOS have these structures. In fact, ovarian cysts alone do not confirm a diagnosis of PCOS; other criteria must be met for a proper diagnosis.

Myth 2: Women with PCOS Can’t Get Pregnant

Another widespread myth is that having PCOS makes pregnancy impossible. While it is true that PCOS can lead to fertility issues due to irregular ovulation, many women with the condition can conceive naturally or with medical assistance. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet and regular exercise, can also enhance fertility prospects.

Myth 3: An Irregular Menstrual Cycle Means You Have PCOS

Irregular periods can be a symptom of PCOS, but they are not exclusive to this condition. Various factors, including stress, thyroid disorders, and extreme dieting, can also disrupt menstrual cycles. Therefore, experiencing irregular periods alone does not mean one has PCOS; a thorough medical evaluation is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Myth 4: Women with PCOS Can’t Lose Weight

While weight management may be more challenging for women with PCOS due to insulin resistance, it is not impossible. Many women successfully lose weight through diet and exercise. Working with healthcare professionals like gynecologist, dietitians and endocrinologists can provide tailored strategies for achieving weight loss goals.

Myth 5: All Women with PCOS Experience Unwanted Hair Growth

Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth in areas typically associated with male patterns, is indeed a common symptom of PCOS. However, not every woman diagnosed with the condition will experience this symptom. Factors such as genetics and ethnicity also play a role in hair growth patterns.

Facts About PCOS That You Should Know

  • Genetic Component: There appears to be a genetic predisposition to developing PCOS. If a close relative has the condition, your risk may increase.
  • Long-term Management: While there is no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes and medical treatments.
  • Associated Health Risks: Women with PCOS may face an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular issues. Regular health check-ups are essential for monitoring these risks.

“Understanding these myths and facts about PCOS can empower women to seek appropriate care and manage their symptoms effectively. If you suspect you have PCOS or have been diagnosed with it, consulting a gynecologist for personalized advice is crucial,” Dr. Sharma told Financial Express.com.

Dr. Yogita Parashar, Consultant – Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Manipal Hospitals, Dwarka, New Delhi also shared some other prevalent myths associated with PCOS and debunked them.

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Myth 1: PCOS affects only overweight women

Fact: There are two types of PCOS – Estrogenic and Androgenic. Estrogenic PCOS is more commonly associated with overweight women, while Androgenic PCOS can affect women who have a normal or even underweight body mass index (BMI). Insulin resistance, a hallmark of PCOS, can occur in individuals of any body type and is influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, and other health conditions.

Myth 2: Birth control pills can cure PCOS

Fact: Birth control pills are used to manage symptoms such as irregular periods and excess hair growth, but they do not cure PCOS. It is a cluster of symptoms that can be managed through lifestyle modifications and medication, but it is a chronic condition that cannot be permanently cured.

Myth 3: PCOS is caused by poor lifestyle choices

Fact: The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood. It is primarily driven by genetic and hormonal factors. While lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise can help manage symptoms, they alone cannot address the root cause of PCOS.

Myth 4: PCOS is just a cosmetic issue

Fact: Although visible symptoms like acne and increased hair growth are commonly associated with PCOS, it is fundamentally a metabolic and endocrine disorder. If left untreated, PCOS can lead to complications such as Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer.

Myth 5: PCOS is a lifelong condition

Fact: PCOS is a chronic condition but its symptoms can improve or diminish as women age, especially after menopause. With proper management, women can effectively control the symptoms and reduce associated health risks.

Myth 6: PCOS is a rare condition

Fact: It is one of the most common hormonal disorders, affecting approximately 3.7% to 22.5% of women of reproductive age groups.