Everyone has had a headache at some point. But migraines can be debilitating. How does one get to know a headache is a migraine? Dr PN Renjen, senior consultant, neurology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, says: “A migraine is more than just a severe headache — it has distinct characteristics that set it apart. The pain is typically intense, throbbing, and often affects one side of the head, though it can affect both sides. Many people experience warning signs called ‘aura’ before a migraine strikes, which can include visual disturbances like flashing lights, zigzag lines, or blind spots. Other common symptoms include heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and smells, as well as nausea and vomiting. Some people also report feeling dizzy, experiencing neck pain, or seeing spots. Migraines can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours, and the pain often worsens with physical activity. Many sufferers report that even routine activities become challenging during an attack. Each person’s migraine experience can be unique, with varying combinations of these symptoms, making it important to track your specific pattern to better identify and manage future episodes.”
Do home remedies work, like curry leaves, etc?
While the effectiveness of home remedies varies significantly from person to person, several natural approaches have shown promise in managing migraines. Cold or hot compresses applied to the head or neck can provide relief. Staying in a quiet, dark room and practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation can help reduce symptoms.
Some people find relief through acupressure or gentle massage of the temples. While traditional remedies like curry leaves lack substantial scientific evidence, certain dietary changes such as staying hydrated, maintaining regular meal times, and avoiding known trigger foods can be effective preventive measures. Essential oils like peppermint and lavender have shown some benefit when applied topically. However, it is important to note that while home remedies can help manage symptoms, they shouldn’t be relied upon as the sole treatment method for severe or chronic migraines.
When to seek medical help?
Medical attention should be sought when migraines significantly impact daily life or show concerning patterns. Immediate medical care is necessary if you experience what’s called ‘thunderclap headache’ — an extremely severe headache that develops within seconds, as this could indicate a more serious condition. Other red flags include migraines accompanied by fever, stiff neck, mental confusion, seizures, double vision, weakness, or difficulty speaking.
If your migraine patterns change significantly, such as becoming more frequent or severe, or if over-the-counter medications no longer provide relief, it is time to consult a healthcare provider. Additionally, if you are experiencing migraines weekly or if they are interfering with work, sleep, or regular activities, professional medical guidance is warranted to develop an effective treatment plan.
Can migraines lead to bigger issues?
While migraines themselves aren’t typically dangerous, they can lead to various complications if not properly managed. Chronic migraines can significantly impact mental health, potentially leading to anxiety and depression. Some studies have shown a correlation between migraines with aura and a slightly increased risk of stroke, particularly in women who smoke or use hormonal contraceptives. Long-term use of certain migraine medications can lead to medication overuse headaches, creating a cycle that is difficult to break.
In rare cases, people with frequent migraines might develop status migrainosus, a debilitating condition where attacks last more than 72 hours. Additionally, chronic migraines can affect personal relationships, work performance, and overall quality of life. However, with proper medical care and lifestyle management, most people can effectively control their migraines and minimise potential complications.