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India is ramping up efforts to expand its defence exports with the establishment of a Defence Export Promotion Council (EPC), a move aimed at streamlining the country’s arms export strategy and boosting international sales. The initiative is part of India’s ambitious goal to increase defence exports from Rs 21,083 crores in 2024 to Rs 50,000 crores by 2029.

The push for arms exports aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “Make in India” initiative, which seeks to reduce India’s dependence on foreign military suppliers while positioning the country as a global defence exporter. Over the past decade, India has transitioned from being one of the world’s largest arms importers to a growing arms exporter, with indigenous defence manufacturers securing deals with several countries.

Expanding Defence Export Market

India currently exports military hardware to 85 countries, including helicopters, naval vessels, missiles, and armoured vehicles. Recent successes include the sale of BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles to the Philippines in a $375 million deal, marking a key milestone for India’s high-end weapons exports. Negotiations are also underway with Vietnam, Indonesia, the UAE, and Malaysia for further BrahMos deals, with a $700 million contract with Vietnam expected to be finalized soon.

The Indian defence industry is driven by a mix of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), Ordnance Factories, private players, and MSMEs, all contributing to a growing ecosystem. Key defence exporters include Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), and Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL).

Apart from BrahMos, India is actively promoting the Akash surface-to-air missile system, the Pinaka multiple rocket launcher, and the Pralay tactical ballistic missile, alongside aircraft such as the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Challenges and Hurdles in India’s Defence Export Ambitions

While India’s defence exports have made significant progress, challenges persist. The country’s defence manufacturing base, though growing, faces concerns over quality, reliability, and technological limitations. Reports indicate that some exported weapons have failed to meet operational expectations, denting India’s reputation as a reliable supplier. For instance, Armenia, a key buyer of Indian defence systems, has raised concerns about compatibility issues with the Swathi radar, TC-20 truck guns, and Pinaka rocket launchers.

Additionally, India’s arms exports remain largely focused on developing nations, limiting its ability to compete with established global arms suppliers like the United States, Russia, and China in high-tech military hardware.

Policy Reforms and Future Prospects

To enhance global competitiveness, the Indian government has undertaken several policy reforms, including easing export regulations, simplifying defence procurement processes, and empowering military attachés in Indian embassies to promote arms sales. The Defence Ministry has also implemented credit lines for partner countries to facilitate arms purchases.

Despite these efforts, India’s ambition to become a major global arms exporter remains a work in progress. Analysts suggest that continued investments in R&D, production efficiency, and after-sales support will be crucial in building India’s credibility in the global defence market.

With the newly proposed Defence Export Promotion Council, India hopes to address these hurdles, expand its arms export footprint, and secure a stronger position in the global arms trade.