By Lt Gen AK Bhatt (Retd.),
The Telecommunications Act, of 2023, received the assent of the President and the Act has now been enacted into law which marks a pivotal moment for India’s communication landscape, particularly regarding the allocation of satellite spectrum. The proposal to assign satellite spectrum administratively, as outlined in the act, is a welcomed step that holds the potential for far-reaching positive impacts on the nation’s connectivity goals, industry dynamics, and global standing. As highlighted in several submissions during the TRAI consultation paper on “Assignment of Spectrum for Communication based Services” by ISpA along with other (where 47 out 64 responses Entities were opposing the Auction based approach) submissions, this brings immense certainty and will facilitate long-term planning for satcom services critical for connecting India.
As per ISpA-nasscom-Deloitte report, the Indian satcom services could grow over $13 billion by 2028. With affordable broadband and DTH services having already made India one of the largest markets in the world, the possibilities remain endless – especially with innovative satellite use cases on the horizon leveraging IoT, 5G backhaul, in-flight connectivity etc.
Bridging the digital divide: Unlocking potential for development
Satellite-based communication networks represent a technological frontier with immense transformative potential. The decision to retain and allocate spectrum for satellite communication aligns with the vision of propelling India into a truly digital and developed economy. This move not only addresses the immediate connectivity goals but also sets the stage for long-term innovation and growth.
Expanding satellite connectivity also brings us closer to the vision of a digitally empowered, inclusive India; able to deliver e-governance, banking and education services equitably across geographical barriers. Having brought connectivity to distant rural areas. The administrative policy for satcom spectrum will provide continuity to connect the unconnected.
Driving innovation and start-up opportunities
Satellite-based technologies are fertile grounds for innovation. By securing spectrum for satellite communication, India creates an environment conducive to fostering innovation in the technology sector. This decision is particularly significant for startups, providing them with opportunities to contribute to the evolution of satellite communication technologies and services.
Equally important, the forward-looking Act creates scope for innovation via experimental spectrum allocation and regulatory sandboxes. This will give fillip to technology development and translate into homegrown solutions tailored for Indian needs. Satellite communications can nurture the startup ecosystem as new space-tech companies already demonstrate.
A harmonized approach
One of the concerns about the administrative allocation of satellite spectrum, drawing parallels with the 2012 2G spectrum allocation controversy, merit clarification, as it is based on incorrect perceptions. Unlike terrestrial spectrum, satellite spectrum operates on a shared model, which is a well-established practice globally. In space, the spectrum is not a finite resource bound to a single user, as in terrestrial communication. The unique characteristic of satellite spectrum lies in its ability to be shared among multiple providers, enabling concurrent allocation to different satellite communication (SatCom) entities.
The administrative method, far from being an untested approach, has been successfully employed globally for satellite spectrum allocation. Recognizing the international and collaborative nature of satellite communication, administrative allocation ensures that the spectrum is shared efficiently among various providers. This stands in stark contrast to terrestrial spectrum allocation, where once assigned, the spectrum is exclusive to the allocated user.
Global alignment and cooperation
One of the key merits of the Telecom Act is its endorsement of administratively allocating satellite spectrum using a globally harmonized method. This approach is poised to serve the greater good of the nation by meeting industry needs and fostering healthy competition. By adopting international standards for spectrum allocation, India positions itself at the forefront of global cooperation, ensuring a level playing field for all stakeholders involved.
In a world increasingly dependent on satellite communication, retaining spectrum for satellite communication is not just a national strategy; it’s a global positioning move.
As the demand for satellite services grows worldwide, aligning with international standards not only facilitates seamless interoperability but also enhances India’s role in fostering global cooperation in the satellite communication domain and can position itself as a key player, offering expertise, technology, and services to a global audience. This collaboration can open doors for joint ventures, knowledge exchange, and shared advancements that benefit not only India but the international community.
The way forward
The First Schedule clearly provides a structured framework for spectrum allocation, ensuring it aligns with national priorities and strategic needs of the categories for the assignment of spectrum through the administrative process. These categories include national security, disaster management, public broadcasting, scientific research, and telecommunications services.
The Telecom Act’s recommendation for the administrative allocation of satellite spectrum is a forward-looking and strategic move. It not only addresses immediate connectivity needs but also sets the stage for India’s active participation in the global technology landscape.
With progressive policy assurances, the building blocks are in place for India to harness satellite communications strategically – as a complement to terrestrial networks in connecting rural populations and shaping a truly Digital India. We commend the government on this landmark legislation, even as more conversations around light licensing and lowering costs remain imperative to boost adoption further. This is the dawn of an exciting era for the Indian satellite industry. The possibilities over the horizon are infinite.
The author is Director General, Indian Space Association.
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