India’s influence in Brunei Darussalam is deeply woven into the fabric of the nation’s cultural, linguistic, and social landscape, forming a bond that stretches back over centuries. As Prime Minister Narendra Modi prepares for a historic visit to Brunei, the first by an Indian head of government, it is an opportune moment to reflect on the profound and lasting impact India has had on this Southeast Asian nation.
Ancient Ties and Cultural Imprints
Brunei, located on the northern coast of Borneo Island, has long been a crossroads of cultures and trade routes. Indian influence in Brunei can be traced back to ancient times when traders, scholars, and seafarers from the Indian subcontinent traversed the maritime routes of Southeast Asia. These early interactions left an indelible mark on the region, particularly in the realms of language, religion, and cultural practices.
Sanskrit derived Words
One of the most striking examples of Indian influence in Brunei is the presence of Sanskrit-derived words in the Malay language, which is spoken widely in Brunei. Terms such as “Dirghayu” (long life), “Srijana” (creation), and “Anugraha” (blessing) are still used in the local lexicon, reflecting the historical depth of India’s cultural reach. These words are more than just linguistic artifacts; they represent the shared history and values that continue to bind the two nations.
Indian Influence in Customs and Traditions
The influence of Indian culture is also evident in Brunei’s royal and social customs. Traditional ceremonies, particularly those associated with the Bruneian royal family, bear a striking resemblance to Indian practices. For instance, the use of “Shehnai” (a traditional Indian musical instrument), “Nagara Drums,” and the application of “Henna” and “Sandalwood paste” in royal and wedding ceremonies are clear indicators of Indian cultural integration into Bruneian life. These elements, which have been preserved and revered in Brunei, speak to the enduring legacy of Indian traditions in the region.
The name of Brunei’s capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, is believed to have Indian origins, translating to “Harbour of the Shri Lord.” Such nomenclature underscores the historical interactions between Indian and Bruneian civilizations, further highlighted by the ceremonial greeting “Pranama,” a traditional Indian salutation that remains reserved for the Sultan of Brunei.
Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Archaeological discoveries in Brunei provide further evidence of the ancient connections between the two regions. Excavations at sites such as Kota Batu along the Brunei River have unearthed artifacts that bear unmistakable Indian characteristics. These include temple-like structures, lotus motifs, and deity altars, all of which point to the deep-rooted cultural exchanges between India and Brunei.
The history of Brunei’s trade routes also highlights the significance of Indian influence. Indian merchants, particularly those from Gujarat and Malabar, were known to frequent the waters of Southeast Asia, engaging in trade that included spices, textiles, and other goods. Historical records indicate that Gujarati traders played a role in the spread of Islam in Brunei, further intertwining the cultural and religious histories of the two regions.
People-to-People Connections
Today, the Indian community in Brunei continues to play a vital role in the country’s socio-economic landscape. Approximately 14,000 Indians reside in Brunei, contributing significantly to various sectors, particularly healthcare and education. Indian doctors and teachers are highly respected in Brunei for their professionalism and dedication, further strengthening the people-to-people ties that have long been a cornerstone of the India-Brunei relationship.
The Indian diaspora in Brunei not only serves as a bridge between the two nations but also as a testament to the enduring legacy of Indian influence in the country. Through their contributions to Brunei’s development, the Indian community has helped to sustain and deepen the ties between the two nations.
Prime Minister Modi’s Upcoming Visit
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s upcoming visit to Brunei marks a significant moment in the long history of India-Brunei relations. As the first visit by an Indian head of government, this trip will not only celebrate the deep cultural and historical connections between the two countries but also pave the way for future collaboration in areas such as trade, defense, energy, and space technology.