Strokes are no longer associated with just the aged. They are getting common in younger people too. Dr PN Renjen, senior consultant, neurology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, explains: “While strokes are typically associated with older age, an alarming trend is emerging where younger adults are experiencing strokes. This can be attributed to several factors, including the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases and risk factors. The rise in obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and unhealthy habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption among younger populations have contributed significantly to this phenomenon. Additionally, the increased levels of stress and a sedentary lifestyle commonly observed in modern society play a significant role in elevating the risk of stroke at an earlier age.”
He says genetic predisposition and certain underlying medical conditions can also make some individuals more susceptible to strokes at a younger age. For instance, individuals with congenital heart defects, sickle cell disease, or autoimmune disorders may have a higher risk of developing blood clots or experiencing weakened blood vessels, both of which can lead to strokes.
How much is genetics a factor?
While lifestyle factors and medical conditions contribute substantially to the rising trend of strokes in younger populations, genetics should not be overlooked. Certain genetic disorders, such as sickle cell disease, congenital heart defects, or inherited clotting disorders, can significantly increase the risk of stroke from a young age. Additionally, a family history of stroke, especially when it occurs in multiple relatives or at a young age, may indicate an underlying genetic predisposition. In such cases, early screening and preventive measures become crucial.
For individuals with a family history of stroke, particularly those with a pattern of strokes occurring in multiple relatives at a younger age, it is recommended to undergo comprehensive tests. These may include genetic testing for specific inherited disorders, thorough cardiovascular evaluations, and regular monitoring of risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar. Early identification of genetic risk factors can enable targeted interventions, such as lifestyle modifications, appropriate medication, or even surgical procedures in severe cases, to mitigate the risk of stroke. Consulting with a genetic counsellor or a healthcare provider specialising in stroke prevention can help guide individuals with a family history.
How can they be prevented?
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, even in individuals with genetic predispositions or family histories. Regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption are crucial steps. Engaging in regular exercise helps manage weight, lower blood pressure, and improve cardiovascular health, all of which contribute to stroke prevention. Additionally, a diet low in saturated fats, trans fats and sodium can help prevent conditions like high cholesterol and hypertension, which are major risk factors for stroke.
Moreover, effective stress management and adequate sleep are essential components of a stroke-preventive lifestyle. Chronic stress can lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as overeating or substance abuse, and can also contribute to the development of conditions like high blood pressure and obesity. Ensuring sufficient quality sleep is equally important, as sleep disorders like sleep apnoea have been linked to an increased risk of stroke. By embracing a holistic approach that encompasses regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management, and adequate sleep, younger individuals can significantly reduce their risk of stroke, even in the presence of genetic or familial predispositions.
Can recovery be 100%?
Recovery from a stroke can vary greatly depending on various factors, and achieving a 100% recovery is possible in some cases, although it may be challenging. The extent of recovery largely depends on the severity of the stroke, the affected brain region, and the individual’s age and overall health condition. In cases of minor strokes where the damage to the brain is minimal, a full recovery is highly possible with proper rehabilitation and therapy.
However, for more severe strokes that cause significant brain damage, complete recovery may not be achievable, and some degree of permanent disability or impairment may persist.
The human brain possesses remarkable plasticity, which allows it to restructure and adapt to compensate for the damaged areas. With intense and targeted rehabilitation efforts, including physical therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy, many stroke survivors can regain a significant portion of their lost functions. While a 100% recovery may not be attainable in all cases, many individuals can achieve substantial improvements and regain independence in performing daily activities with the appropriate support and dedication to the recovery process.