Social media is full of claims about certain foods fuelling cancer or killing cancer cells. Is any of it true? Dr Ankit Jain, senior consultant, medical oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, says: “Social media posts often claim that specific foods can either fuel cancer growth or kill cancer cells, but these assertions are frequently misleading or oversimplified. While some foods, such as cruciferous vegetables, berries, and turmeric, have been studied for their potential cancer-protective properties, no single food can cure or completely prevent cancer. Conversely, claims that certain foods ‘fuel’ cancer are often exaggerated.
For example, sugar consumption does not directly cause cancer but excessive intake can contribute to obesity, which is a risk factor for several cancers. Many of these posts lack scientific backing and thrive on emotional appeal or anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous research. Reliable organisations like the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) advocate for a balanced diet rich in whole foods rather than focusing on ‘superfoods’ or miracle cures. It’s crucial to consult healthcare professionals and evidence-based sources for accurate information about diet and cancer.
How big a factor are diet and lifestyle in developing and treating cancer?
Diet and lifestyle are significant factors in both the development and treatment of cancer. Research shows that 30-35% of cancers are linked to dietary factors, while tobacco use accounts for 25-30%, and infections contribute 15-20%. Obesity is another major risk factor associated with cancers like breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Diets high in processed meats, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats can increase inflammation and promote conditions favourable for cancer development.
On the other hand, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and lean proteins help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation while supporting overall health. Regular physical activity further reduces cancer risk by improving immune function and maintaining hormonal balance. During treatment, nutrition plays an essential role in managing side effects like fatigue or weight loss and supporting recovery. A healthy lifestyle not only lowers the risk of developing cancer but also improves outcomes during treatment.
What types of cancers are largely due to lifestyle and environmental factors?
Several types of cancers are strongly linked to lifestyle choices and environmental exposures. Lung cancer is predominantly caused by smoking, which accounts for approximately 90% of cases worldwide. Skin cancer is closely tied to excessive exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds without adequate protection. Colorectal cancer risk increases with diets high in red and processed meats combined with low fibre intake.
Liver cancer is often associated with heavy alcohol consumption and chronic infections like hepatitis B or C. Cervical cancer is largely caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be prevented through vaccination. Environmental pollutants such as air pollution or exposure to carcinogens like asbestos also contribute significantly to certain cancers. These associations highlight the importance of modifying behaviours-such as quitting smoking, adopting healthier diets, limiting alcohol intake, and using sun protection-to reduce the risk of these cancers.
Is cancer preventable?
Yes, many cancers are preventable through lifestyle changes and proactive health measures. Studies estimate that up to 50% of all cancers could be avoided by addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking cessation, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular exercise, and reducing exposure to environmental toxins like air pollution or UV radiation. Vaccinations against viruses such as HPV (which causes cervical cancer) and hepatitis B (linked to liver cancer) offer effective preventive measures against infection-related cancers.
Regular screenings for breast, colorectal, cervical, and prostate cancers enable early detection when treatment is most effective. While genetic predisposition plays a role in some cases (5-10%), most cancers arise from controllable factors such as diet, physical activity levels, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, infections, and sun exposure. By making informed choices about health behaviours and adhering to preventive guidelines, individuals can significantly lower their risk of developing cancer.