Mirroring the ongoing challenges in India in the intellectual property (IP) rights space, the country has been ranked near the bottom of the pack for a fifth year in a row, coming in at 43rd place out of 45 countries in the 5th Annual International IP Index by the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Intellectual Property Center (GIPC).

The index, released on Wednesday, compares India’s intellectual property environment to 44 other world economies. The report includes 90% of global gross domestic product (GDP) and grades countries on patents, trademarks, copyright, trade secrets, enforcement and international treaties.

The index showed India continues to rank near the bottom of the pack for a fifth year in a row, though the 2017 index represents India’s slight improvement in performance. It was ranked last or next to last in the previous four years.