A recent study conducted by Novo Nordisk, involving over 2,000 people living with obesity (PwO) and 300 healthcare professionals (HCPs), has revealed critical insights into the challenges faced by PwO in India. The study highlights a significant disconnect between awareness, understanding and management of obesity, underscoring the need for an integrated, long-term approach to treatment. On Wednesday, doctors and health experts revealed the findings during a press conference.
The survey found that one-third of PwO in India do not recognise the severity of their condition, often believing they are merely overweight or even of normal weight. This denial of obesity reflects widespread misconceptions and a lack of awareness on its implications, which contributes to delayed treatment and worse health outcomes.
“The first step towards obesity management is to understand that it is a chronic disease. We need to support PwO with tools that not only help them lose weight but also maintain that loss over time,” Dr. Maya Sharma, Vice President Clinical, Medical, Regulatory at Novo Nordisk India, emphasised the importance of addressing this issue said.
PwO face immense difficulties in maintaining weight loss. Over half of those surveyed report reverting to old eating habits despite their efforts to change. Alarmingly, 44% regain lost weight within six months, emphasising the need for more sustainable, long-term solutions that go beyond just lifestyle adjustments.
The study highlights the growing need for a comprehensive approach to obesity management in India. Dr. A.G. Unnikrishnan, MD at The Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, India, supports this, noting, “A successful obesity management strategy must combine lifestyle changes, behavioural interventions, medication, and surgery where necessary. Only through such integration can PwO achieve their weight loss goals and maintain long-term health improvements.”
Another striking finding is the widespread belief in “healthy obesity,” often viewed as a sign of prosperity. Dr. Muffazal Lakdawala, MS at Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, warned, “There is no such thing as ‘healthy obesity.’ Even in the early stages, when there are no visible complications, the risks to long-term health are very real. This myth must be dispelled.”
The survey revealed that obesity is closely linked to other chronic diseases. Two in five PwO suffer from conditions such as hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes. HCPs report that many PwO have anywhere between 1 and 4 comorbidities, such as high blood pressure (32%), high cholesterol (27%), eating disorder (23%) and cardiovascular diseases (19%); reinforcing that obesity is a chronic disease requiring medical intervention.
PwO face significant barriers in their weight loss journeys. Lack of motivation, fear of failure, unhealthy eating habits and a lack of exercise were cited as the most common obstacles. HCPs, however, are in a position to help set realistic goals, with Dr. Rishma Pai, MD at Lilavati and Hinduja Hospitals, Mumbai, explaining, “Even a 5% weight loss can bring significant health benefits, and it’s important that PwO understand that small, sustainable changes are key. We as healthcare professionals have to overcome any inhibitions in discussing the condition with our patients on a regular basis and support them in their weight-loss journeys.”
More than 70% of PwO recognise obesity as a chronic disease, yet many still feel it is their sole responsibility to manage their weight. This contrasts with how other chronic diseases, like diabetes or hypertension are perceived, where medical intervention is commonly accepted. Encouragingly, four in five HCPs are comfortable discussing weight with their patients, and among PwO who have had these discussions, the majority report positive experiences.
Despite the availability of prescription weight-loss medications, PwO remain hesitant. Only one in seven PwO believe such medications would be helpful, with concerns about side effects and safety being the primary deterrents.
“Recent research has shed light on the perceptions and challenges faced by people living with obesity (PwO) in India. Despite the growing awareness, there are still significant misconceptions and hurdles that need to be addressed. Hence, involvement by the government is crucial in addressing the growing obesity challenge in India. Obesity is not just an individual issue but a significant public health concern that impacts healthcare resources, economic productivity, and the overall well-being of our society. A multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, awareness programs, and accessible healthcare solutions is essential to address this complex issue effectively,” Vikrant Shrotriya, Corporate Vice President, Novo Nordisk India said.
The doctors and health experts the need for greater awareness and understanding of obesity as a chronic disease. Addressing the misconceptions, providing PwO with sustained support, and integrating medical, behavioural, and lifestyle interventions are crucial for effective weight management. “Continued research is essential to develop and refine these strategies, ensuring that individuals with obesity receive the long-term care and support they need for better health outcomes,” the experts maintained during the press conference.