An alarming new study has revealed that except one all hormonal birth control methods could carry a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes in women. Eight in ten women across the globe use birth control at some point in their lives.
The findings of the latest findings have sparked concerns about the risk of hormonal birth control pills. A team of researchers in Denmark examined the risks associated with vaginal rings, skin patches, intrauterine devices, implants inserted under the skin, injections, estrogen-progestin pills and progestin-only pills.
According to the researchers, although the risk is low it is important for the woman to be completely aware when considering their contraceptive choices. While conducting the study, the researchers tracked the prescription records of more than two million Danish women aged 15 to 49 between 1996 and 2021, to see whether modern contraceptives increased the risk of ischemic stroke and heart attack compared to women who did not use hormonal contraceptives, The Independent reported.
The findings of the study were published on Wednesday in the British Medical Journal. The study revealed that there was a greater risk of both heart attack and stroke linked to most forms of hormonal contraceptives.
According to the study, the greatest risk came from oestrogen-containing products, particularly the vaginal ring and skin patch. The vaginal ring increased the risk of heart attack 3.8 fold, while the patch increased ischaemic stroke risk 3.4 fold.
It is noteworthy that around 250 million women use hormonal contraception. “The risk of stroke and heart attack in pregnancy and postnatal period is significantly higher than the risks reported in this study for contraceptives,” explained Dr Becky Mawson, Clinical Lecturer in Primary Care at the University of Sheffield and a GP with special interest in sexual and reproductive health.
“For those using contraceptives for treatment of health conditions, the slightly increased risk needs to be balanced with the benefit in quality of life for those suffering debilitating gynaecological and hormonal conditions,” Dr Mawson added.
Here is the complete list of contraceptives linked to stroke and heart attack risk:
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Progestogen-only pills
- Contraceptive implants
- Injections
- Patches
- Vaginal rings
According to the study, the combined oestrogen-progesterone pill which is the most common hormonal contraceptive in the study was linked to twice the risk of stroke and heart attack. The increased risk noted for the combined pill translated to one extra stroke for every 4,760 over a year, and one extra heart attack for every 10,000 for each year of use, the study shows.
The progestin-only intrauterine device (or IUD) was the only hormonal contraceptive not linked to an increased risk of either a heart attack or stroke.
Meanwhile, the researchers emphasised that he observational study looked only at associations, so the researchers can’t say for certain whether the contraceptives caused the additional heart attacks and strokes. However, the study adds to previous research which suggests that hormonal contraceptives can increase blood clot risk.
