Breast cancer continues to be one of the biggest health concerns for women in India. A new study by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has found that breast cancer is among the top three cancers affecting Indian women, with several lifestyle and reproductive factors playing a major role in increasing risk.
What the ICMR study found
The study, conducted by researchers from ICMR’s National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Bengaluru, reviewed data from 30 earlier studies and included 27,925 participants. Nearly 45 per cent of those studied were women diagnosed with breast cancer. The findings point to a strong link between reproductive patterns, obesity and hormonal exposure.
Reproductive and hormonal factors increase risk
According to the researchers, women who experience menopause after the age of 50, have their first pregnancy after 30, marry later in life, or have a history of multiple abortions face a higher risk of breast cancer. Central obesity, measured through a high waist-to-hip ratio, was also identified as a major risk factor among Indian women.
Age plays a crucial role
Age was found to be another key contributor. Women above 50 years were three times more likely to develop breast cancer. Those in the 35–50 age group also showed a higher risk compared to younger women, highlighting the need for awareness and screening during midlife.
Lifestyle changes driving rising cases
Doctors say changing urban lifestyles have played a significant role in the rise of breast cancer cases. Sedentary habits, lack of exercise, unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption and smoking are increasingly common and directly affect hormonal balance and overall health.
Role of genetics and body weight
Genetic factors, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, can further raise the risk of breast cancer. Dense breast tissue and environmental exposure also contribute. Abdominal obesity is a growing concern, as excess fat around the waist is linked to hormonal changes that increase cancer risk. In some cases, very low body mass index has also been associated with the disease.
Common early symptoms to watch for
Early detection is vital for better treatment outcomes. Common symptoms include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling or redness, and nipple discharge. Less common signs include breast pain, swelling in part of the breast, and irritation or scaling around the nipple.
Steps that can help lower risk
While breast cancer cannot always be prevented, doctors say healthy habits can reduce risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, limiting alcohol, avoiding smoking, and exercising regularly are important. Regular self-examinations and routine medical screenings can help detect the disease early.