Many people suffer from high BP, yet are unaware of it. Dr Mukesh Goel, senior consultant, cardiothoracic and heart and lung transplant surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, says, “High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is often referred to as a ‘silent killer’ because it may not present any noticeable symptoms until it has caused significant damage. However, there are some signs and symptoms that individuals can watch out for, which may indicate the presence of high blood pressure. The most common signs of high blood pressure include severe headaches, dizziness or lightheadedness, nosebleeds, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, and vision problems or changes. Additionally, some individuals may experience chest pain, irregular heartbeat, blood in the urine, or a pounding sensation in the neck, chest or ears.”
He says it is important to note that many people with high blood pressure may not experience any symptoms at all, which is why regular blood pressure monitoring is crucial, especially for those with risk factors such as obesity, family history, or a sedentary lifestyle.
BP medicines once started continue forever. Is this a myth or true? Can lifestyle modifications replace drugs?
This is a myth. While it is true that many individuals with hypertension may require lifelong medication, there are cases where lifestyle modifications can potentially replace or reduce the need for drugs.
Lifestyle changes, such as following a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption and managing stress, can significantly improve blood pressure levels. In some cases, especially for individuals with mild to moderate hypertension, these lifestyle modifications may be sufficient to lower blood pressure to within the normal range, eliminating the need for medication. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle changes should be implemented under the guidance of a healthcare professional, and medication should never be discontinued without medical supervision.
For individuals with more severe or resistant hypertension, lifestyle modifications alone may not be enough to achieve optimal blood pressure control. In such cases, a combination of medication and lifestyle changes is typically recommended. The decision to reduce or discontinue blood pressure medications should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, who can monitor the individual’s response and make necessary adjustments.
How much a factor is diet and exercise in managing BP?
Diet and exercise play a crucial role in managing blood pressure levels, and their impact should not be underestimated. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and low-fat dairy products, while limiting sodium, saturated fats and added sugars, can significantly lower blood pressure. Dietary approaches such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet have been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure by up to 11 mmHg.
Additionally, regular physical activity, including aerobic exercises like brisk walking, swimming or cycling, as well as strength training, can help lower blood pressure by promoting weight loss, improving blood flow, and reducing stress levels.Regular exercise has been proven to lower systolic blood pressure by an average of 4-9 mmHg. The combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise can have a synergistic effect on blood pressure management, often rivalling the effectiveness of some medications. Incorporating these lifestyle modifications can not only help control blood pressure but also reduce the risk of other associated health conditions, such as heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.
How much a factor is mental stress and can things like meditation, etc, make a tangible difference?
Mental stress plays a significant role in the development and exacerbation of high blood pressure. Chronic stress can lead to elevated levels of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can constrict blood vessels and increase heart rate, ultimately contributing to high blood pressure.
Stress management techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga and mindfulness practices, have been shown to have a tangible impact on reducing blood pressure levels. Meditation, in particular, has been extensively studied and found to be effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. Regular practice of meditation can help calm the mind, reduce stress and anxiety and promote relaxation, all of which contribute to lower blood pressure. Additionally, other stress-reducing activities like regular exercise, getting adequate sleep, and engaging in hobbies or leisure activities can also help manage mental stress and indirectly improve blood pressure control. It is important to note that while stress management techniques can be beneficial, they should be used in conjunction with other lifestyle modifications and medical treatments, if prescribed, for optimal management of high blood pressure.