Sore throats are a common complaint during the winter months, often caused by cold weather and seasonal illnesses. Understanding the underlying causes and effective remedies can help you manage this discomfort and know when professional medical care is necessary, Dr Satish Koul, Senior Director & Unit Head – Internal Medicine, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram told Financial Express.com.

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Causes of Winter Sore Throats

  • Viral Infections: Most sore throats are caused by viruses, including the common cold, influenza, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
  • Bacterial Infections: Less commonly, bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) can cause significant throat pain.
  • Dry Air: Winter air is often dry, especially indoors due to heating systems. This dryness can irritate the throat.
  • Allergies and Irritants: Seasonal allergens or irritants like smoke, pollution, or strong odors can trigger throat discomfort.
  • Postnasal Drip: Sinus congestion during winter can lead to mucus dripping down the back of the throat, causing irritation.

Remedies for Sore Throats

  • Stay Hydrated: Drinking warm fluids like herbal teas, broths, or honey with lemon can soothe the throat and keep it moist.
  • Use a Humidifier: Adding moisture to the air can prevent dryness and ease throat irritation.
  • Gargle with Salt Water: Dissolve 1/2 teaspoon of salt in warm water and gargle several times a day to reduce swelling and discomfort.
  • Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation.
  • Lozenges and Sprays: Throat lozenges or sprays with soothing agents like menthol can provide temporary relief.
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According to Dr. Koul, while most sore throats resolve on their own, some symptoms may indicate a more serious condition, especially in such cases it is recommended to seek medical help:

  • Severe throat pain lasting more than 48 hours.
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing.
  • Fever over 100.4°F (38.3°C).
  • White patches or pus on the tonsils.
  • Enlarged lymph nodes or persistent hoarseness.
  • A rash or other systemic symptoms, which could suggest strep throat or another infection.