Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women. With the introduction of the HPV vaccine, awareness has grown significantly, encouraging more women to take preventive steps. While the vaccine has been available for over a decade, many people still have questions, especially regarding its benefits for older women.
The good news is that even if you missed the ideal vaccination window, there are effective steps you can take to protect yourself against cervical cancer, Dr. Hemanandini Jayaraman, Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road told Financial Express.com.
Importance of the HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine has been proven effective in preventing infections caused by high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which are closely linked to cervical cancer. The best time to receive the vaccine is before any sexual exposure, typically between the ages of 11 to 25. However, the vaccine is still recommended for women up to the age of 45. Beyond this age, while the vaccine may not be an option, regular screenings and check-ups remain essential.
Comprehensive Health Check-Up for Women Over 45
For women over 45 who have not been vaccinated, maintaining regular health evaluations is crucial. A comprehensive health programme should include:
- Pap Smear: A Pap smear involves collecting cells from the cervix to detect abnormalities. This simple yet vital screening can reveal the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells. If any abnormalities are found, further investigations like a colposcopy-guided biopsy may be required.
- Colposcopic Guided Biopsy: If a Pap smear shows suspicious cells, a colposcopy a magnified examination of the cervix is performed. This allows for a more thorough examination and precise tissue sampling from any suspicious areas. The biopsy is then analyzed by a trained pathologist to determine the next steps for treatment.
- HPV Testing: In addition to the Pap smear, an HPV test may be conducted to check for high-risk strains of the virus that could lead to cancer. Women with new or multiple sexual partners should consider periodic HPV testing, even if initial results are negative.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch
Regular screenings are essential, but women should also remain vigilant about changes in their health. Some signs to watch include:
- Unusual or excessive vaginal discharge
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse
- Abnormal bleeding, especially after intercourse or between periods
- These could be early indicators of cervical cancer and should be reported to your doctor immediately.
Ongoing Prevention and Safe Practices
Even if you’ve undergone family planning surgeries or are in a stable relationship, using barriers like condoms during sexual activity can prevent infections transmitted between partners. This reduces the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
“While the ideal age for receiving the HPV vaccine is before the age of 25, it is never too late to take proactive steps against cervical cancer. Women over 45 can benefit from regular Pap smears, HPV testing, and colposcopic evaluations to monitor and manage their cervical health effectively. Through regular screenings and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, cervical cancer can be detected early, ensuring timely and adequate treatment,” Dr. Jayaraman told said.
