Winter has been consistently linked to a higher incidence of heart disease, with studies revealing that the risk of heart attacks increases by 53% during the colder months compared to other seasons.
This rise is due to the physiological strain the body undergoes to maintain warmth, Dr. Anjan Siotia , Director of Cardiology, BM Birla Heart Research Centre explained.
“In cold weather, blood vessels constrict, which raises blood pressure and forces the heart to work harder. This increased workload, combined with reduced oxygen delivery to the heart, makes individuals with pre-existing conditions, such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, particularly vulnerable. Respiratory infections, which are more common during winter, can further strain the cardiovascular system,” Dr. Siotia told Financial Express.com.
Lifestyle changes during winter, such as reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, and lower sunlight exposure, also contribute to the increased prevalence of heart disease.
Dr. Siotia highlighted that elderly individuals, smokers, and those with existing heart conditions are at an even higher risk. To minimize these risks, proactive heart care measures such as regular health checkups, proper medication adherence, and monitoring of blood pressure are essential. A heart-friendly lifestyle that includes staying warm, engaging in moderate exercise, and eating a balanced diet can also significantly reduce the likelihood of winter-triggered heart conditions.
How Cold Weather Can Trigger Heart Attacks?
Cold weather is a significant trigger for heart attacks, primarily due to the physiological changes that occur in response to low temperatures. According to Dr. Siotia, when exposed to cold, the body’s blood vessels constrict to preserve heat, which raises blood pressure and reduces oxygen supply to the heart muscles.
“To compensate, the heart has to work harder, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In extreme cold, the heart may also beat faster to generate heat, adding stress to the cardiovascular system. Additionally, conditions like angina, which occurs due to reduced blood flow to the heart, are more common in winter and can lead to severe complications such as plaque rupture or heart attacks,” he said.
The risk is further heightened by cold-induced arterial spasms, which restrict blood flow even more. “Recognizing the early signs of a heart attack—such as chest pain, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, and fatigue—is crucial for timely medical intervention. Preventive measures include dressing warmly to avoid sudden temperature changes, avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, and engaging in light indoor exercises to maintain cardiovascular health. Staying hydrated, avoiding smoking, and managing stress are also important steps to protect the heart during the cold months,” he added.
