World Leukemia Day 2025: Cancer cases are rising worldwide, making it more important than ever to understand the differences between various types of cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2024, there were nearly 20 million new cancer cases and around 9.7 million cancer-related deaths globally. Among these, leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, remains a major concern, and it is behind many new cancer cases and deaths each year.
On World Leukemia Day, observed on September 4, experts say it’s important to know the signs of leukemia, detect it early, and understand how it affects children and adults differently. Dr. Raman Narang, Consultant Medical Oncology at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, explains that leukemia behaves very differently in children and adults, which affects both treatment and emotional support needed.
Leukemia in children
In children, the most common type of leukemia is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Dr. Narang says, “This type develops quickly but responds very well to treatment. With modern medicine, cure rates for childhood ALL can reach 80 to 90 per cent.” Children’s bodies are usually strong enough to handle intensive chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments, which helps doctors destroy cancer cells without harming the child’s system too much.
However, the challenges go beyond the medical side. “Long hospital stays, missed school, and the emotional burden of a serious illness can leave lasting effects,” Dr. Narang adds. Support from parents, caregivers, and family is crucial to help children feel as normal and stable as possible during treatment and recovery.
Leukemia in adults
For adults, leukemia often takes the form of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or chronic types like Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). These are usually harder to treat than childhood ALL, and survival rates are lower. Dr. Narang explains, “Adults often have other health issues, like diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart problems. These can make treatment more complicated and recovery slower.”
Still, the outlook for adults is improving thanks to newer treatments such as targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants. “These options allow doctors to create personalised treatment plans that improve survival and quality of life,” Dr. Narang says.
Early detection matters
Despite the differences, one thing is the same for all ages: early detection can save lives. A simple annual blood test can reveal changes in white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets that might indicate leukemia. Adults should be alert to persistent fatigue, frequent infections, or unusual bleeding. Parents should watch for ongoing fevers, easy bruising, or unexplained tiredness in children. Quick medical attention can make a big difference in outcomes.
Spreading awareness
World Leukemia Day is a chance to educate people about leukemia and the importance of regular health check-ups. By educating families and communities about the signs of leukemia, more cases can be detected early when treatment works best. Dr. Narang explains, “With early detection, advanced treatments, and strong support, both children and adults can face leukemia with hope and strength.”