Delhi, a city steeped in history and culture, has been shaped by the vision and artistry of both men and women. While the contributions of male rulers are often highlighted, the city’s landscape also bears the indelible marks of extraordinary women who wielded power and influence. From Razia Sultana, the first female ruler of Delhi, to Mughal empresses who left their legacy in stone and gardens, these women have played a pivotal role in crafting the architectural heritage of Delhi. If you’re planning a trip to Delhi, make sure to add some of the best surviving architecture credited to these remarkable women to your itinerary.
Humayun’s Tomb
First on our list is the iconic Humayun’s Tomb. Commissioned in the 16th century by Empress Bega Begum, the wife of Emperor Humayun, this monument is more than just a tomb—it’s a labour of love. Empress Bega Begum was determined to create a fitting tribute to her beloved husband, and her vision resulted in one of the most beautiful mausoleums in India. According to historians, this was the first garden tomb on the Indian subcontinent, introducing the Persian garden style to India. With its towering dome, arched entrances, and beautifully landscaped gardens, Humayun’s Tomb set the stage for the grand architectural marvels of the Mughal era. It’s like a fairy tale in stone, perfect for those Instagram-worthy shots and a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
Qudsia Bagh
Next up, we have Qudsia Bagh, a lush escape nestled in the heart of Delhi. Created by Empress Qudsia Begum, the wife of Emperor Muhammad Shah, this garden is a testament to her love for nature and beauty. Empress Qudsia Begum designed this beautiful oasis to provide a serene escape from the stresses of court life. According to local historians, the garden originally included grand pavilions, fountains, and well-manicured lawns, reflecting the empress’s refined taste. Today, Qudsia Bagh remains a cherished landmark in Delhi’s architectural landscape, offering a peaceful retreat where visitors can marvel at the garden’s intricate design and historical significance.
Mubarak Masjid
The Mubarak Begum Mosque in Hauz Qazi is a red sandstone marvel with a unique backstory. It was commissioned by Mubarak Begum, a nautch girl and courtesan in the Mughal court, who later married Delhi’s first British resident, David Ochterlony. Talk about a dramatic twist! Mubarak Begum was a Muslim dancer from a humble family who rose to prominence through her association with Ochterlony. According to historical records, Ochterlony commissioned the mosque in her name to honour her contributions, making it a rare instance of a non-royal woman sponsoring a religious structure. Despite the central dome collapsing in 2020, the mosque remains a testament to Mubarak Begum’s legacy and a symbol of her remarkable journey from a humble dancer to a figure of historical significance.
Khairul Manazil
Last but not least, let’s visit Khairul Manazil, an architectural gem located near India Gate. This impressive structure was commissioned by Maham Anga, a powerful figure in Emperor Akbar’s court. Maham Anga, Akbar’s foster mother and one of the most influential women of her time, initially used Khairul Manazil as her residence. According to historians, the building later became a centre for spiritual and educational activities, reflecting Maham Anga’s dedication to fostering learning and culture. The building’s stunning blend of Persian and Indian architectural styles is a testament to Maham Anga’s patronage of the arts and her influence in shaping Delhi’s cultural heritage. It’s like stepping into a time machine that transports you to the grandeur of the Mughal court.
