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Secret sauce
Productivity growth is perhaps the single most important gauge of an economy’s health. Nothing matters more for long-term living standards than improvements in the efficiency with which an economy combines capital and labour.

The great escape

Barclays is the escapologist of British banking. Its quarterly results on November 10 widened the gap still more on its British rivals, RBS and Lloyds Banking Group.

The cult of the faceless boss

The European Union is not the only institution that prefers faceless technocrats to people with star power.

Land of the setting sun

The world’s second-largest economy had surpassed America in gross national product per person according to some measures, and looked on course to overtake it.

Paper promises, golden hordes

Two hundred metric tonnes of gold would occupy a cube of a little more than two metres on a side; it would fit into a small bedroom. But India’s purchase of that volume of gold from the IMF last month has had an outsize impact on the markets, helping push the price well above $1,100 a troy ounce.

Divided and overruled?

Accounting has become political. Fair-value rules, which require assets to be marked to market prices, are blamed by some for exaggerating banks’ losses. Although it will take years to establish whether banks’ accounts have painted too bleak a picture, the rows are already in full swing.

Dangerous froth

The post-crisis challenge for central bankers has long seemed easy to describe. They must steer between the shoals of short-term deflation and the longer-term risk of accelerating consumer prices.

Uniting in the sky

Like two drowning men Iberia and British Airways have long eyed each other as potential means of mutual buoyancy. The rate at which the airlines have been sinking at last forced.....

The bust that worked

CIT might just be that rarest of things: a financial-services firm that emerges from bankruptcy largely intact. The small-business lender filed for Chapter 11 protection on November 1st with the backing of most bondholders in a so-called “prepackaged” filing.

Down in the dumps

Even at the height of the ex-communist countries’ boom in 2006, almost half their citizens felt they lived worse than in 1989. Yet that glum verdict on 17 years of liberalisation, privatisation and stabilisation was tempered by another finding.

Exit, followed by a bear

When the fire is raging, it is no time to worry about water damage. Central banks and governments have flooded the system with monetary and fiscal stimulus, desperate to prevent a repeat of the depression.

Has Europe got the answer?

America has some of the most flexible labour markets in the developed world, while continental Europe, in the popular imagination, is a sclerotic place with powerful unions, rigid labour markets and high entrenched joblessness.

Leaders and laggards

Central banks in the rich world cut interest rates in lockstep in 2008 as the world economy spiralled. Their paths back to normal interest rates will be more disparate. Some are already en route.

The muscles from Brussels

Neelie Kroes has, according to one analyst in London, “cut through all the bullshit”. Europe’s competition commissioner has trod where national regulators dare not, by imposing harsh penalties on the banks that received the biggest bail-outs in Europe.

Pay for delay

America may lead the rich world in periods of prosperity, but Europe has shown a greater talent for dealing with recession. Unemployment in the euro area has risen by 30% from its pre-crisis levels.

Rinsed and raring to go

America's carmakers appear to have returned from the grave. This week the three big ones—Ford, General Motors and Chrysler—all had good news to report. Ford recorded a wholly unexpected profit for the third quarter of nearly $1 billion, thanks in large part to a huge improvement in its North American operations.

Buffer warren

The usual laws of corporate finance do not seem to apply to banks. Almost all big industrial companies—and decent analysts of them—are subject to a tight mesh of proven rules, backed up by decades of financial theory.

Slimming cures

European bank presentations used to be filled with graphs of assets that sloped pleasingly upward. For those at the mercy of the European Commission, they now all lurch sickeningly downward.

Bribing the markets

Uncertainty is different from risk, as Frank Knight, an economist, first pointed out in 1921. A poker player can figure out the odds of success when holding a pair of kings.

Rock carving

Northern Rock was rescued in September 2007, more than a year before the much-bigger Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and HBOS. The mortgage bank may also be the first to wriggle out of government hands.

Sticking plasters of the universe

In the half-century since private equity first appeared, the industry has produced stretches of great profitability, culminating in a spectacular run from 2002-07. During that golden age, private equity was charmed.

A joyless recovery

On October 29 the government reported that gross domestic product rose at an annualised rate of 3.5% in the third quarter compared to the second.

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