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Tuesday, September 21, 1999

More teeth to CLB 

 
Corporate restructuring has acquired a mega dimension in this country. Firms are focussing on the main line of activity, shedding non-core activities. With the abolition of industrial licensing and the advance of external liberalisation, restructuring has become necessary to cope with competition. Loss-making divisions are being hived off to optimise the return on capital employed. The counterpart of this are liquidations and acquisitions. Focus on core activity often leads to mergers. Indeed, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been pronounced in cement, steel, computer software, finance, pharmaceuticals, consumer durables, food products, agro-chemicals and textiles. M&A deals worth Rs 15,100 crore were reported in 1998-99: the conspicuous ones were effected through open offer documents filed with Sebi (66 against 37 in 1997-98). There were besides, takeovers through creeping acquisitions and asset buyouts and mergers within group companies. Not all of these fall within the purview of Sebi. Many go via thenormal valuation (by chartered accountants), approval (by shareholders) and no objection (by banks and term lenders) route but are subject to procedural formalities. There are also a large number of company liquidations, not necessarily related to hive-offs; in the wake of the prolonged industrial recession, many weak companies face an erosion of their viability. The problem is that other than cases filed with Sebi, most have to go to the under-staffed overstretched courts for clearance. With restructuring (as also liquidations) on the rise, the cases awaiting court sanction are burgeoning.

The proposal to vest powers with the Company Law Board to vet M&A and liquidation proposals will be welcomed as this will reduce the burden cast on the courts and speed up clearances. However, there are two issues. Routine M&A (intra-group) and liquidation (of shell companies) proposals should pose no problem. But in others there could be tricky points of law which will need to be taken up by the courts; and parties to adispute cannot be expected to forego their right of appeal to the court. CLB might find itself forwarding a large number of cases to the courts--unless, of course, the law itself is simplified and made unambiguous. Legal reform must precede the enhancement of the powers and jurisdiction of the CLB.

Secondly, there is the issue of the interest of the minority shareholder and of trade creditors (other than banks): how is this proposed to be protected? The department of company affairs is right in seeking to give CLB more teeth, but it needs to be alert to loopholes (as happened with vanishing companies) that allow corporates to give the short shrift to the trusting public.

Copyright © 1999 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd.


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