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Monday, March 22, 1999

Deflationary boom 

 
All the talk of global financial fragility has been just so much water off a duck's back for the Dow Jones Industrial index, which last week breached the 10,000 mark. It wasn't so long ago that the Asian crisis, the Russian meltdown and the Brazil's currency weakness were being touted as speed-breakers that would halt the Dow's seven-year long bull run. But the US stockmarkets have proved to be teflon-coated, so far. The obvious discrepancy between lower corporate earnings growth and a booming market has prompted dire warnings of a dangerous bubble building up. Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan had warned of "irrational exuberance" in 1996, and the market has risen 60 per cent since then. There are, in fact, several resemblances to the Japanese markets in 1989. Japan too saw a widening gap between market performance and corporate earnings. The current combination of strong consumption and weak production so evident in the US also occurred in Japan, and this was reflected in a large deterioration in theJapanese current account balance. The parallel with the record US current account deficit is obvious. Also a parallel with 1989 Japan is the runaway increase in US capital expenditure, which has increased from less than 12 per cent of GDP in 1992 to near 20 per cent of GDP at present.

That brings us to one peculiar feature of the US economy today. It is the runaway growth of stock values which has, via the "wealth effect" caused people to feel richer, and thus spend more on consumption. The growth in personal credit has added fuel to the fire, taking away the need for people to save. The net effect is that the economy responds to the stockmarket, not the other way around. The expansion in consumption has been sustained by the willingness of the rest of the world to pump in money into the USA. Merrill Lynch has forecast a current account deficit which will need to be financed by foreign capital at the rate of $1 billion per working day in 1999. So long as money continues to pour into the US markets, the bullrun for the Dow should continue. Although many people talk fearfully of a Brazil-induced puncturing of the bubble, any turbulence in markets other than the US should send investors scurrying back to the safe haven, driving markets even higher. The US consumes 89 per cent of what it produces, and global markets are not that important for it. According to this logic, what will slow down the US markets is not bad corporate performance, (price-earnings ratios are already twice their historic levels), but a recovery in the rest of the world. Japan is the mirror image of the US.

Copyright © 1999 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd.


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