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May the force be with us

Bibek Debroy
Posted online: Tuesday , June 24, 2008 at 22:33 hrs
Updated On: Tuesday , June 24, 2008 at 22:33 hrs


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The first Goldman Sachs BRIC (Brazil-Russia-India-China) paper contributed to the India Shining story. Contrary to what several people think, the first BRIC report didn’t project very high real GDP growth. It was only around 6%. The explosion was because Goldman Sachs was projecting much beyond the conventional 2020, till 2050. That low 6% trend was symptomatic of most projections before 2003, when the 9% trajectory hadn’t occurred. Most projections don’t factor in labour inputs and the demographic dividend (BRIC being an exception), even if one accepts that productivity increases aren’t significant. They are fundamentally based on capital formation. Before 2003, one hadn’t anticipated increases in savings and investment rates. To a lesser extent, manufacturing take-off was also unanticipated. We are almost certainly on a cyclical downturn now. However, ignoring growth rates in the next two to three years, there still remains the question of what India’s trend rate now is and what needs to be done to maintain it, or jack it up. For instance, in January 2007 Goldman Sachs produced another India report, arguing that India is now on a trend of 8%, with increased manufacturing productivity, movement away from low-productivity agriculture, urbanisation bo nus and better roads all incremental contributors.

There was a catchy acronym too—FORCE, standing for financial sector growth, openness to trade, rural-urban migration, capital formation, education and environment. If mass is large, a given force doesn’t lead to large acceleration. In June 2008, there was another Goldman Sachs research report on India. This had a wish-list of 10 items for India to do. (1) Improve governance; (2) Improve educational achievements; (3) Increase quality and quantity of universities; (4) Control inflation; (5) Introduce a credible fiscal policy; (6) Liberalise financial markets; (7) Increase trade with neighbours; (8) Increase agricultural productivity; (9) Improve infrastructure; and (10) Improve environmental quality. These are indeed important heads. But I have three problems with such lists. First, is something like (10) that important? We aren’t China, at least not yet. Second, items like (1), (4), (5), (6) and (7) are too vague and generic. What do they amount to in concrete terms? Third, the problem is not with the goal, such as (2), (3) or (8), but on how to get there. Unless that is explained, we haven’t accomplished much....

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