FMP or FD? The question answered!

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MFs investor base grow faster than AUM

: By number of funds as well as money invested, one of the most important type of mutual fund in India is something that is generally called a Fixed Maturity Plan (FMP). Of the 1920 mutual funds that are currently available, no fewer than 805 are FMPs, as they are known. And of the Rs 5.61 lakh crore that is invested in Indian mutual funds today, 68,000 crore is in FMPs.

FMPs are generally used by companies and large investors as an alternative to bank fixed deposits. In general, these funds resemble FDs more than they do other mutual funds. These are closed-end funds, meaning that one can only enter them when they are launched and exit them when their pre-stated term is over. Actually, one can exit them earlier, but generally after paying a load that is high enough to be a serious discouragement. More importantly, fund companies offer an 'indicative return' for FMPs. Unlike other types of mutual funds, FMPs are run in such a way that this indicative return actually has some meaning.

FMPs invest in debt instruments with the intent of holding them to maturity. This means that regardless of any ups and downs in the market value of the investments, the final earnings are predictable. Therefore, the indicative returns that FMPs provide to investors reflect the reality.

One obvious question is why investors should prefer FMPs to bank deposits. The reason is mostly to do with tax efficiency. When you put money in a fixed deposit, the interest gets added to your income. In FMPs longer than a year, if you elect to take all your gains as capital appreciation, the taxation is merely 10% with indexation benefit or 20% with indexation. That's generally quite a saving from the tax rate, which either individuals or companies would pay on the interest earned from a bank deposit.

Even for investments less than a year, there's a tax advantage if the investor takes the option of receiving the gains in the form of dividends. In this case, individual investors will get taxed at 12.5% of the returns and corporates will get taxed at 20%.