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FE Editorial Risk plus profit

The Financial Express
Posted online: Friday , August 08, 2008 at 22:00 hrs
Updated On: Friday , August 08, 2008 at 22:00 hrs


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Several months of uncertainty, compounded by turf battles between RBI and Sebi, and a RBI-Sebi technical committee’s report in May, preceded the announcement that currency derivatives will be allowed. Not that currency futures weren’t allowed earlier, but they were limited to a few banks in Mumbai. The restriction to dollar-rupee contracts alone remains, but standardised currency futures will be permitted through stock exchanges. RBI has indicated requirements for banks to become trading and clearing members of the currency futures market and Sebi has issued some guidelines, with more to follow. For instance, membership to the currency futures market will be separate from membership to equity derivative or cash markets. NSE, BSE (through promoter Financial Technologies), and a consortium of HDFC, Kotak and SBI have evinced interest in establishing currency-derivatives trading platforms. A roll-out won’t be immediate, since hardware and software issues have to be sorted out and more Sebi guidelines are awaited. There are reasons to welcome the reform. First, over-the-counter transactions (such as through banks) were limited in scope and geographical spread. Exposure to currency risk isn’t limited to Mumbai, nor to entities that have trading links alone. The market cannot be broadened without involving exchanges.

Second, competition increases visibility and makes price-determination more transparent, allowing smaller companies to participate. Third, policy-induced obstacles in India don’t prevent currency derivatives in the Middle East or East Asia, even for contracts denominated in rupees. But these options aren’t available to smaller companies. Fourth, if these transactions are offshored, India cannot hope to become a hub for international finance. However, there are reasons for discomfort. The liberalisation has been sold as a hedge and risk-reduction option, citing losses that Indian companies have recently borne because of exchange rate fluctuations. While hedging is important, the bulk of derivative transactions occur because of speculative and arbitrage motives. RBI/SBI have attempted to restrict this following recommendations of the technical committee, by barring NRIs/FIIs and allowing only Indian residents to trade. But the dividing line is thin and there are certain to be allegations of speculation and arbitrage. It is then that the regulator will be tested and ham-handed regulation may torpedo evolution of a nascent market. Why has the equity market evolved, while the debt market hasn’t? The answer lies in the degree to which regulators allow markets to function.

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